CAP reform - a long-term perspective for sustainable agriculture

On 26 June 2003, EU farm ministers adopted a fundamental reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The reform will completely change the way the EU supports its farm sector. The new CAP will be geared towards consumers and taxpayers, while giving EU farmers the freedom to produce what the market wants. In future, the vast majority of subsidies will be paid independently from the volume of production. To avoid abandonment of production, Member States may choose to maintain a limited link between subsidy and production under well defined conditions and within clear limits. These new "single farm payments" will be linked to the respect of environmental, food safety and animal welfare standards. Severing the link between subsidies and production will make EU farmers more competitive and market orientated, while providing the necessary income stability. More money will be available to farmers for environmental, quality or animal welfare programmes by reducing direct payments for bigger farms. The Council further decided to revise the milk, rice, cereals, durum wheat, dried fodder and nut sectors. In order to respect the tight budgetary ceiling for the EU-25 until 2013, ministers agreed to introduce a financial discipline mechanism. This reform will also strengthen the EU's negotiating hand in the ongoing WTO trade talks. The different elements of the reform will enter into force in 2004 and 2005. The single farm payment will enter into force in 2005. If a Member State needs a transitional period due to its specific agricultural conditions, it may apply the single farm payment from 2007 at the latest.

Key elements of the reformed CAP

• A single farm payment for EU farmers, independent from production; limited coupled elements may be maintained to avoid abandonment of production,
• this payment will be linked to the respect of environmental, food safety, animal and plant health and animal welfare standards, as well as the requirement to keep all farmland in good agricultural and environmental condition ("cross-compliance"),
• a strengthened rural development policy with more EU money, new measures to promote the environment, quality and animal welfare and to help farmers to meet EU production standards starting in 2005,
• a reduction in direct payments ("modulation") for bigger farms to finance the new rural development policy,
• a mechanism for financial discipline to ensure that the farm budget fixed until 2013 is not overshot,
• revisions to the market policy of the CAP:
  • asymmetric price cuts in the milk sector: The intervention price for butter will be reduced by 25% over four years, which is an additional price cut of 10% compared to Agenda 2000, for skimmed milk powder a 15% reduction over three years, as agreed in Agenda 2000, is retained,
  • reduction of the monthly increments in the cereals sector by half, the current intervention price will be maintained,
  • reforms in the rice, durum wheat, nuts, starch potatoes and dried fodder sectors.

(26/06/2003)

The legal texts were formally adopted at the Agriculture Council of September 2003.

Implementation of the reform

With regard to the implementation of the reform, the Commission has chosen to do this by way of three Commission Regulations.

Regulation 1 covers the provisions concerning cross-compliance, controls and modulation. The provisions with regard to cross compliance are one of the new key elements in the CAP reform, which make the future Single Farm Payment dependant on the farmers respecting public health, animal health, environmental and animal welfare, EU norms and good agricultural practice.

Regulation 2 embodies the key element in the reform of introducing a Single Farm Payment, where the payment will no longer be linked to production (decoupling), allowing the farmers to have their incomes ensured and steering their production towards the needs of the markets and the demands of the consumers. Payments will, however, only be paid in full if the above cross-compliance provisions are respected. At the same time decoupled payments will mean that a major share of our support to agriculture is moved from the trade distorting classification under WTO rules (Amber Box) towards the minimal or non-trade distorting category (Green Box).

Regulation 3 covers those areas of support, which in the future are still product specific, or where the Member States have the option to retain a certain element of support coupled in the future. Such possibilities have in particular been foreseen in the area of animal premia (beef and sheep), where the concern with regard to the effect on production and decoupling has been most pronounced.

Introduction

Reform of the support scheme for cotton

Reform of the wine sector

Reform of the fruit and vegetable sector

Reform of the banana market

Legislation:

Rural development

Financing the CAP

Direct payments

Sugar

Cereals

Rice

Dried fodder

Milk and milk products(CMO)

Milk and milk products (levy)

Implementing Regulations

Reports and studies